From noun to relative pronoun: the development of men in San Bartolo Yautepec Zapotec
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24201/clecm.v11i00.296Keywords:
Zapotec, historical syntax, relative pronoun, grammaticalization, miahuateco, protozapotecAbstract
This paper studies the historical development of the noun *kw-enneʔ ‘person’ from Protozapotec to San Bartolo Yautepec Zapotec, a Southern Zapotec variety. This form grammaticalized into a third person pronoun of respect =mé, the first element of some noun compounds that begin with men-, and the relative pronoun men. Cognate forms of the relative pronoun men in other Cisyautepecan Zapotec varieties are studied. We found evidence of how the reanalysis of noun to relative pronoun took place, and we propose three stages of grammaticalization for these relative pronouns. We suggest the relative pronoun of San Bartolo Yautepec Zapotec is in the second stage since it has suffered the loss of animacy features. We argue that this type of reanalysis is a grammaticalization channel common to Zapotec languages spoken in the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, and we give examples from five Zapotec languages.
Downloads
References
Aikhenvald, Alexandra. 2000. Classifiers, a typology of noun categorization devices. Oxford University Press.
Andrews, Avery. 2007. Relative clauses. En Shopen, Thimothy (ed.) Language typology and syntactic description, 206-236. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511619434.004
Antonio Ramos, Pafnuncio. 2015. La fonología y morfología del zapoteco de San Pedro Mixtepec. México: CIESAS. (Tesis doctoral.)
Antonio-Ramos, Pafnuncio. 2021. Headless relative clauses in San Pedro Mixtepec Zapotec. En Caponigro, Ivano; Torrence, Harold & Zavala Maldonado, Roberto (eds.), Headless relative clauses in Mesoamerican languages, 221-57. Nueva York: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518373.003.0007
Beam de Azcona, Rosemary. 2004. A Coatlán-Loxicha Zapotec grammar. UC Berkeley. (Tesis doctoral.)
Beam de Azcona, Rosemary. 2015. Más sobre cláusulas relativas en dos lenguas zapotecas de la Sierra Sur. (Presentado en Taller de cláusulas relativas, CIESAS-Sureste.)
Beam de Azcona, Rosemary. 2023. Realis morphology and Chatino’s role in the diversification of Zapotec languages. Diachronica 40(4): 438-91. https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.21027.bea DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.21027.bea
Beam de Azcona, Rosemary G. & Cruz Santiago, Emiliano. 2011. Le- xemas verbales multi-morfémicos del zapoteco miahuateco de San Bartolomé Loxicha. (Ponencia presentada en CILLA V, Texas.)
Black, Cheryl A. 1994. Quiegolani Zapotec syntax: a principles and parameters account, (University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics). México: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
Campbell, Lyle. 2004 [1999]. Historical linguistics: an introduction. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Caponigro, Ivano. 2021. Introducing headless relative clauses and the findings from Mesoamerican languages. En Caponigro, Ivano; Torrence, Harold & Zavala Maldonado, Roberto (eds.), Headless relative clauses in Mesoamerican languages, 1-57. Nueva York: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518373.003.0001
Cruz Santiago, Emiliano. 2010. Creencias de nuestros antepasados: Jwá’n ngwan-keéh reéh xa’gox. Oaxaca: Dirección General de Culturas Populares, Secretaría de Cultura del Gobierno de Oaxaca.
Comrie, Bernard & Kuleva, Tania. 2005. Relativization strategies. En Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S.; Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.), The world atlas of language structures, 494-506. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hale, Mark. 2007. Historical linguistics: theory and method. Wiley-Blackwell.
Haspelmath, Martin. 1999. Why is grammaticalization irreversible? Linguistics 37. 1043-1068. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.37.6.1043 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.37.6.1043
Heine, Bernd; Claudi, Ulrike & Hünnenmeyer, Friederike. 1991. Gram- maticalization: a conceptual framework. Chicago/Londres: The University of Chicago Press.
Hernández Luna, Mario Ulises. 2019. Fonología del miahuateco, sincronía, diacronía y clasificación. México: El Colegio de México. (Tesis doctoral.)
Keenan, Edward L. & Comrie, Bernard. 1977. Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 8(1). 63-99. https://doi. org/10.2307/413321
Lehmann, Christian. 2015. Thoughts on grammaticalization, (3ra ed.). Berlín: Language Science Press. https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_603353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_603353
Lightfoot, David. 2006. How new languages emerge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616204
Lynn Córdova, Jennifer. 2009. Participant reference and tracking in San Francisco Ozolotepec Zapotec. México: SIL International.
Meillet, Antoine. 1921. L’evolution des formes grammaticales. Scientia [Rivista di Scienza] 12.26 (1912). 130-48.
Méndez Espinosa, Óscar. 2004. El Cisyautepequeño, un estudio dialectológico de la lengua Distê (Zapoteca) en la región suroriental del estado de Oaxaca. México: CIESAS. (Tesis de maestría.)
Poletto, Cecilia & Sanfelici, Emanuela. 2018. On relative complementizers and relative pronouns: comparative approaches to the complementizer phrase. Linguistic Variation 18(2). 265-98. https://doi.org/10.1075/ lv.16002.pol DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.16002.pol
Rojas Torres, Rosa María. 2009. La predicación secundaria en el zapoteco de Santa Ana del Valle, Oaxaca. En Cuevas Suárez, Susana (ed.), En la lengua y la antropología para un conocimiento global del hombre. Homenaje a Leonardo Manrique, 197-210. México: INAH.
Smith Stark, Thomas C. 2007. Algunas isoglosas zapotecas. En Buenrostro, Cristina; Herrera, Samuel; Lastra, Yolanda; Rendón, Juan José; Valiñas, Leopoldo; Schumann, Otto & Vargas, María Aydeé (eds.), Actas del III Coloquio Internacional de Lingüística “Mauricio Swadesh”, 69-133. México: UNAM.
Timberlake, Alan. 1977. Reanalysis and actualization in syntactic change. En Li, Charles N. (ed.), Mechanisms of syntactic change, 141-77. Texas: University of Texas Press. https://doi.org/10.7560/750357-006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7560/750357-006
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Adela Covarrubias Acosta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of their work and are free to disseminate it, make copies for any use, and/or deposit in any repository or archive of their choice, but they grant Cuadernos de Lingüística de El Colegio de México the right to publish the work for the first time. Authors agree to acknowledge Cuadernos de Lingüística de El Colegio de México as the site of original publication of their article / note / review through proper citation.
Articles appearing in Cuadernos de Lingüística de El Colegio de México are made available to readers under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.
